The Purposes of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his...

On August 28, 1963 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his â€Å"I have a dream† speech in front of the Abraham Lincoln Memorial. Attended by over 200, 00 people after the â€Å"March on Washington† for jobs and freedom. As a civil rights activist Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his speech to all Americans without targeting a specific race, age group, or gender. His purpose for the speech was to inspire a change in both white and black citizens during the civil right era. He spoke about the discrimination, injustices, and segregation of African Americas that was taking place in the United States. The speech called out for the rights of all people, unity among all Americans, determination, equality and freedom among all people. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. opens his speech with â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the emancipation proclamation†, which freed all slaves and gave hope. He immediately mentions how 100 years later the Negro is still not free and is being treated unequal. He advises all Americans to take action immediately but to do so in a non-violent way. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made it aware that he wasn’t blind by all the pain and suffering they were going through but he was still holding on to his dream that one day everyone would be able to live in harmony. He also invokes authority by using the Declaration of Independence. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. quotes, ‘â€Å"unalienable Rights† of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the pursuitShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesIn 1919, when Langston Hughes was seventeen years old, he spent the summer with his father, Jim Hughes, in Tolu ca, Mexico. Langston had not seen his father since he was a small child, and he was excited about making the trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United StatesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesindex. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesContents Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum †¢ The Power of Management Capital 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy 1 1 Text Jones−George †¢ Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in OrganizationsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagescustomers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WVR/WVR 0 9 8 7 ISBN 978-0-07-340334-2 MHID 0-07-340334-2 Editorial director: Stewart Mattson Publisher: Tim Vertovec Executive editor: Richard T. Hercher, Jr. Developmental editor: Gail Korosa Associate marketing manager: Jaime Halterman Project manager: Harvey Yep Production supervisor: Carol Bielski Designer: Mary Kazak Vander Photo researcher: Jeremy Cheshareck Media project manager: Cathy Tepper CoverRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesbetter study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student

Environmental Problems Improving the Quality of...

Improving the Quality of International Agreements Human production and development systems have increasingly made use of the earths resources, gradually leading to what can now be described as environmental crisis. Without immediate and future concern for the ways humans treat the planet and surrounding atmosphere, humans could be the creators of their own destruction. Economic, social, and political systems have all added to the degradation of the environment, such as mineral resource extraction, wars, political boundaries, and policy for actions taken within those boundaries. In order to attack the root causes of environmental destruction, we must first confront the reasons behind human actions, and develop ways to overcome the†¦show more content†¦Canadas position internationally should be to promote significant environmental and social values and concerns. Canada must respect and employ the most appropriate actions and efforts of other nations in the facilitation of environmental concern, while promoting its own ideas a nd knowledge. Facilitate International Co-operation A primary requirement in the global effort to promote environmental concerns and raise awareness of environmental problems is increased co-operation between nations. Canadas position at the Earth Summit should be to promote the ability of nations to co-operate, emphasising improved diplomacy and interaction. Environmental degradation is presently occurring throughout the world, and is the result of international social, political, and economic processes and movements. The environment is an open system, and the causes and effects of pollution are not constrained to any anthropocentric boundaries. If we are to improve our situation world-wide, Canada must work together with other nations to incorporate international concerns, knowledge, and action. Many attempted efforts to promote international agreements in the past have been acknowledged, but many have failed to gain overarching support and complete dedication from the majority of involved nations. The Kyoto protocol, for example,Show MoreRelatedDesertification As A Global Problem1138 Words   |  5 Pages(Hellden 372). Although less publicized, desertification is an issue that requires international cooperation as the victims of drought, famine and the numerous environmental problems of dry lands are over 250 million, and more than one billion people in over 100 countries are at risk (â€Å"Desertification as a global problem† 1). Additionally, desertification tends to affect communities in poverty, thus international cooperation and sharing of global resources is required to solve the issue. The UNCCDRead MoreA Brief Note On An International Environment Agreement1310 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 2: Individual Research Paper on an International Environment Agreement United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification: Empowering Local Populations to the expense of concrete results Introduction The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was adopted in 1994 as a product of the Rio Conference which took place in 1992. It attempts to combat desertification which is defined as â€Å"land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from variousRead MoreEnvironmental Scarcity And Food Insecurity786 Words   |  4 PagesA. According to the FAO estimation, there are 840 million undernourished people in the world, and 95% of them are from developing countries. B. Environmental scarcity and food insecurity are critical factors that intensify the issue of malnutrition among people in most developing countries. C. d. Evidence health issue: - protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) refers to a form of malnutrition where there is lack of calories and protein intake. There are two kinds of PEM: the nutritional edema andRead MoreClimate Change Is A Collective Action Problem1712 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment on the environmental degradation in the long term (p. 4). There is also no linear association between economic growth and environmental deterioration, as maintained by Ferguson et al. (1996, p. 28) that the existing evidence â€Å"cannot be used to justify a view that economic growth (†¦) will automatically be good or bad for the environment† (cited in Neumayer 1998, p. 16). The climate change impacts of greenhouse gases threaten the economic development and environmental quality. These threatsRead MoreThe Impact Of Development Strategies On Economic Growth And The Quality Of Life For An Economy Other Than Australia1159 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyse the impact of development strategies on the economic growth and the quality of life for an economy other than Australia. (20 marks) Globalisation, is the process of increasing integration between different countries and economies resulting in the establishment of a single world market and the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. China’s global integration has assisted their impressive economic performance and the associated improvementsRead MoreLogging And Land Conversion Activities For Agriculture And Palm Oil Plantation1605 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic, social, and environmental loss, posing serious health risk and inflicting regional tension (Jones, 2014; World Bank, 2015 Islam et al, 2016). The government of Indonesia has introduced a number of legislations regarding the prevention and prohibition of burning forest and land, such as environmental protection and management and the control of pollution and environmental damage due to land and forest fires, however, it is far from satisfactory in tackling the THP problem. In terms of ASEANRead MoreE ssay On Fair Trade And Free Trade1174 Words   |  5 Pages provide service to planetary protection, and pay minimum wages. Free trade removes the boundaries between all parties by permitting international export and import, cutting out all taxes and tariffs, allowing extremely low minimum wages, and authorizing negligible worker protection. The debate around free versus fair trade is an unsettled problem in international relations which is constantly approached by polarized political views. In this essay, I will attempt to distinguish the differences betweenRead MoreTrading: Global Level1225 Words   |  5 Pagesintercede in third world economics must be indicated. All of which must be derived from chapter #6 #7 of Carbaugh’s discussion within the text to both support and extrapolate a conclusion (Poolen, 2013) (Carbaugh, 2011) . Developing nations’ problems, trade policy, export growth, or industrial policies should be addressed as topical discussion for this a ssignment. Analysis of internal as well as external governmental factors must be included in the extrapolation to include political and economicRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On Public Health1208 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic growth are improving health services and prolonging the lives of people in industrialized countries. Developing countries, especially the least developed ones, still need to establish sustainable health systems so that, at a later stage, they can benefit from that development Globalization of technology could help to save people life because the improvement of medical equipment. Technological advances, the decomposition of human genotypes and rapid economic growth are improving health servicesRead MoreIfrs Vs. Gaap Ifrs923 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits of IFRS can not be seen until later point because of the fact that it takes some years for the harmonization and to have enough and sufficient years of financial statements to be made under IFRS to benefit and improv e consistency. Their main problem of converting to IFRS that has stressed with high importance is the usage of fair value as the primary basis of liability and asset measurements. And the spectators and interviewers think that this principle will bring increased volatility as the

Recruit - Select and Induct Staff

Question: Discuss about the Recruit, Select and Induct Staff. Answer: Recruitment, selection and induction Volunteers, while joining any organisation are guided by certain expectations and motives. They come from diverse backgrounds and interests. They all have miscellaneous experiences and skills. It is thus very important to be sure about how to appoint these volunteers that best fit the criteria of your organisation. Moreover, the volunteers feel cherished at work. To catch the attention of volunteers who fit the need of your organisation and add to the programs you must be well aware of the kind of volunteer roles that are necessary to achieve the objectives of that program. You must be able to judge if these people suit the roles to affect the program positively. An appropriate policy on how to choose the correct volunteer helps in ensuring that you have a clear understanding about: What sort of volunteer-based facility you are offering How will you recruit the volunteers to work in your organisation What sort of people you plan to recruit for the programs How the volunteers will be engaged It also summarizes your way of locating and appointing the volunteers. For example, the function of the policy might be to make certain that: The positions available for volunteering are filled up with the people appropriate for it You must ensure that all the selections conducted maintain a fair and are based on merit Selection as well as recruitment policies and processes should adhere to and maintain the Equal Opportunity Policy For recruitment in all the positions of the volunteers a standard approach is taken up Even if the procedures keep varying between the different organisations but it should summarize how the policy will be executed in reality. You should describe the process with proper reference to whichever checklists, forms or documents that are needed. You might include the following points too: If you want to create an opportunity for volunteering or create an advertisement for that, do you need permission to do so? If yes, what is the procedure of getting it approved and who can approve this? If the job descriptions are written, who are responsible for writing them? There will be unsuccessful candidates, who will take care of letting them know about it? Selection The process of selection comprises of choosing the person who meets the needed requirements of the position in the most appropriate way. The process must be transparent and fair. Thus, the whole process of choosing the best volunteer for any vacancy must follow a clear process. It may also protect you in case there is someone who applied and is not appropriate for the role. Selection of individuals for any vacancies in volunteering roles consists of an informal talk concerning the requirements and the position of the job. Other organisations usually follow a rather formal process of selection. Your policy should clearly point out if the following points are required or not as a part of the policy Addressing the selection criteria Application form Interview Attendance at information sessions or workshops Following up and checking of the personal references provided Timelines Checks Checks The volunteer policy of the organisation usually mentions various points of checking. These checks are important for recruitment of volunteers in that organisation. They are: A policy check Identity proof Certifications or qualifications Previous work history Any medical history relevant to the job A working with children check The recruitment process finally ends with orientation. All the recruited individuals are now welcomed as new members of the organisation. These new members receive adequate information about their position in the organisation along with daily operations. They become aware of the key or important people in the organisation on the day of orientation. The main aim of a well planned orientation or induction process is to lessen the stress of the new volunteers. With proper knowledge about the daily operations and important people in the organisation the volunteers feel more at ease while assuming their position. A well planned orientation must have enough time when you can talk about the details of the job like working hours, various responsibilities and expectations. A printed copy with this information will help them remember these easily. Orientations also include the following: Familiarise the new volunteers with resources, equipments and facilities Go through the opening and closing times of the organisation Properly explain the emergency and evacuation plans and processes Provide copies of the current annual reports, marketing material and newsletters Give a suitable introduction to your organisation Provide a copy of volunteer responsibilities and volunteer rights Introduce the key staffs and volunteers of your organisation Familiarise the new volunteers with operations that are needed daily like using the photocopy machine, alarm systems telephone, filing system, keys, kitchens, etc. Familiarise the new volunteers with the various procedures and policies, which include sexual harassment, disputes and complaints resolution, equal opportunity, safety and health Provide whichever specific training that is necessary Recruitment Recruitment is the process of seeking out and acquiring a host of potential applicants with the considered necessary skills, experience and desired knowledge. The organisation chooses the most suitable individuals to take position of the available vacancies against job descriptions and essential specifications. The main function of the recruitment procedure is to gather the widest pool of candidates so that the organisation has the greatest opportunity to go through and choose the best suited people for the vacant positions of the organisation. Obtaining the best candidates for the needed roles will result in competitive advantage for the organisation. An organisation may be effected negatively with ineffective recruitment. Ineffective recruitment usually produces enormous disruption, interpersonal interruptions and difficulties in operations, highly reduced productivity, customer services as well as long term costs. Selection Selection is the process which includes testing or interviewing or reference checking or all three together to filter out the most appropriate candidate among the pool of applicants that have been previously identified through the process of recruitment. This process assures the most suitable individuals or candidates to be appointed for the roles by applying the means of fair, equitable and effective assessment activities or tests. Key Criteria Selection The other name for job selection criteria is KSC, that is, key selection criteria. These criteria are designed in such a way that they help the organisation an accurate match between the skill set of an individual and the requirements of the vacant position. Certain sections of government have need of applicants responding to very specific KSC. You will not be allowed to clear the procedure to reach the interview stage irrespective of your skills and abilities if you do not fulfil the mentioned criteria. As requirements vary from agencies to departments, you must check and re-check the information you provide on the application form before submitting it. Some pointers to get started Understand the requirement of the job as well as the key selection criteria Think carefully to come to a decision if you are eligible for the job Gather information about the employer of the organisation Understand the requirement of the job as well as the key selection criteria To start with, study the description of thee position carefully including the key selection criteria. Read up on the other collected relevant and necessary information regarding the job. You can call the contract officer to clarify any doubts you encounter during the normal office hours. Their contact details are provided along with the job description and they will happily respond to your doubts and queries. There are three main parts of position description Values Values inform you about the ways the organisation functions and its expectations from the employees. If you wish to work with the organisation you must be comfortable with their values. You should also check if this is the way you wish to work. Accountabilities Accountabilities can be described as an inventory of the daily responsibilities along with the errands of the role. Each job has a point of focus- for example, some are focussed on managing resources, some on supervision, etc. It is important that your interests and career backgrounds line up with the accountabilities and requirements of the role. Key selection criteria Candidates must be chosen o the basis on merit which requires fair and consistent assessment of the contestants. This is enforced by law. We achieve this by offering key selection criteria for each job and all applicants are tested against this. You can notice while applying for any ob, the KSC for the particular job is clearly mentioned in the job description section so that you are fully aware of what are the basic requirements. You can check out the job advertisements on any career website for understanding this better. The KSC sketches out the skills, qualities and knowledge necessary for the job. For certain jobs you are required to write attractive which promote and explain your capabilities against the KSC. You must provide these statements against specific examples or situations. Maybe you have had experience working in similar posts in other industries or have special interest towards it. Keep in mind all these things while applying for the job. Being capable of writing a proper and excellent KSC reply statement ultimately prepares you for the interview stage in the selection procedure. You are now well versed with the specific examples which will help you satisfy the questions about the capability of performing well in the job. We will be well informed about your suitability and ability to fulfil the job when you provide a description of how you meet the KSC. You can either cut-paste from a document you have already prepared previously or type it out in the space provided on the application forms. Be careful about the grammar and spellings. KSC statements traditionally comprise of a combination of personal qualities, skills experience and knowledge. For example, you may write Ability to maintain as well as develop processes and systems of mail distribution and Ability to perform under pressure, meet mentioned deadlines, prioritise tasks and maintain tolerance to describe yourself. Nowadays key capabilities are focused on while describing job selection criteria. They include: Resilience staying calm under pressure; abilities to cope with setbacks; accept all sorts of constructive criticism and perform better. Problem solving- identify and workout viable solutions; seeking problems from different perspectives; ability to see all pertinent facts; capacity to draw sound inferences.

Addressing Cloud Computing Security Issues â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Addressing Cloud Computing Security Issues? Answer Introducation Suitable for global organizations this project considers technology risk challenges such as future skill deficit. Banking operations at Aztek need servers, storage and databases management systems for numerous internet applications. Outsourcing saves on costs because Aztek only pays for services and software applications that it can accesses and use. However, compliance to business terms is necessary. Aligning Azteks project plan with its mission and values is important. It is also critical to ensure that the resources are available for the project. Aztek has an objective of implementing continuous improvement practices in its operations and functions. By setting aside resources for this plan, the company is able to avert current and future risks. A good plan guides the company in the adoption of risk management strategies such as insurance. It also encourages compliance by the business companys teams. The implementation of risk management encourages the fulfilment of business goals because it scrutinizes all areas of Aztek. Outsourcing Cloud Computing Economies of scale in cloud computing advocate for reduced costs for IT systems as an operational risk management tactic. Risks present liabilities and high cost of management(Benlian Hess, 2011). Making wrong decisions about the IT capacity needs for Aztek contributes to the risk factors. Websites operating on common applications like ecommerce are at a high risk of manipulation from cybercriminals. An effective transfer of IT app1.lications requires a reliable and safe infrastructure system. The company needs updated cloud solutions for its mobile devices, webservers, and data storage or recovery. These must be free from fraud. Making company websites accessible to multilevel, multidimensional and group systems requires effective models within the legal framework. The development, configuration and administration of applications in the global environment include privacy. Transfer of IT Applications Samandari, Havas, Harle ( 2016) identify future risks in the banking industry to identify technological disruptions among the issues of focus. Although innovation provides solutions to banks and services, it presents fresh challenges every day. Aztek deals with metadata and technology helps in portfolio management, detecting inconsistencies and making projections. Accuracy in the banking sector is a necessity and automated machines such as the ATM and mobile banking cannot afford to make mistakes. IT applications lower the risks giving the bank a competitive advantage. Of concern are privacy issues, data protection and error free business modelling. Definition of Risk E-commerce is a platform for business engagements using the internet(Chiu, Wang, Fang, Huang, 2014). Cloud computing used in the financial sector include the website links and knowledge management systems. These allow for third party access hence security and training concerns emerge. The use of cloud computing in banking services is questionable because of the banking business model. Banks are financial companies but they also stand out as well as high-risk businesses. A risk in this case is the unexpected occurrence, which may hinder the successful implementation of objective 2 of the planned portfolio. The foreseen danger may occur in any form hence there is no certain definition of its magnitude or specific. The planning process involves a cycle process of taking actions against the challenges and evaluating the controls. This is a flow showing the mission, strategy, goals and goals of Aztek as a company and its IT plans. Stakeholders play a key role in defining the process. Regulatory measures and Best practice Licensed under the Australian Banking Act, the financial regulations affect its operations(Hooper, Martini, Choo, 2013). Aztek also designs risks with consideration for the finance industry laws for credit facilities, labour laws, customer relations and banking services apply. The harmonization is under the: Good governance and conduct Privacy and personal data protection Business regulations and operations E-commerce global regulations Project Impact on Current Security Aztek strategic risks cover wide areas including corporate banking, which accommodates for its plans to venture into business alliances. Top on its plan is institutional compliance in which the Bank fulfils its responsibilities of implementing, managing and providing financial security(Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). The IT outsourcing plan expounds on its agenda of providing reliable information to the stakeholders. Awareness creation and the implementation of risk control is important for both internal and external stakeholders. The bank has in place a system of risk management for its internal operations but it needs an elaborate framework for an external IT related plan. Current plans Azteks Risk management plan comprises of an overall organizational design as well as the departmental breakdown. The framework covers financial risks, governance, credit, developmental, strategic and operational risk levels. This plan derives its motivation from the global threats faced by the financial industry. Top on its list is the liquidity risk followed by technology and organized crime(PWC, 2017). The Australian banking service is an industry, which revolves around the consumer. Efficiency is an important factor in its value chain. Innovation also has a major role in organizations and is a best practice for the banking industry. Aztek as a company has a risk management team whose responsibility features: A risk framework for Aztek and the financial industry Development of a risk strategy and treatment plan Oversight of the risk management agenda Monitoring and ensuring compliance of the plan Coordinating risk management activities across the business Carrying out internal audits for new risk framework IT Security Risk Factors IT Security Policies and Procedures at the company also have structures laid out 3 years ago. Its focus was initially on risk assessment but industry trends indicate the importance of risk management. Its agenda was to address gaps in the infrastructure and they include three levels namely, the infrastructural, software application and development (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). Cloud computing is an advanced technology that falls under this docket. As a software model, it comes with a structure and model that is distinct and critical to Aztek IT systems. It comprises of the change in technology featuring systems designed for the banking services. This change comes from demands in the global sector. The complexity of technology systems and applications calls for risk management by leveraging the company installations with global expectations. Risk assessment leads to strategic approaches to combat and deal with the impending and potential risks. Supply chain risks are inevitable and corporate governance regulations allow the bank to undertake these risk analysis and implementation. The drivers of value creation in risk management is the stakeholder who comprises of large and small companies (Upper, 2011). Risk assessment considers: Possible situations that could happen Process of his could occur What impact it could have on the system Solution to this problem The New Plan In the new plan, risk management considers the risk assessment factors as well as crisis management using a modern approach(Bessis, 2011). It incorporates liquidity risk management and the use of technology services and products. The growth of the online business brings fresh risks for the financial IT systems because consumers now have to make most of their transactions using credit cards. Online transaction risks include credit risks, market challenges, operational and liquidity challenges. The contemporary system has configurations and computer applications to address these issues. Risk management planning highlights the possible risk avenues in order to describe concrete solutions. Outsourcing IT is a major factor affecting Azteks financials and business performance. Its outsourcing framework is an interesting business model that involves a third party service provider. Cloud computing is a new approach to collective operations. IT comprise of an innovative structure that involves a third party supplier. This means the introduction of a new security plan for Aztek communication and information systems plan. It starts with the identification of its security threats and quality business processes. This brings in the IT and Information Systems configuration. Challenges Advanced technology challenges keep advancing over time. This needs strategy improvements to tackle its complex nature. The introduction of collective computing systems provides opportunities and challenges. The new business model targets deeper connectivity and quality management(Bessis, 2011). Reputable banks prepare for uncertainties across through risk management services and products. Online credit risks include the protection of customers personal data and unauthorized access to credit card data. Value Creation Reputational risks include loss of respect in public image or consumer trust. This happens when the stakeholders question the capability of Aztek to carry out its financial services effectively. Reports about the bank or its customers losing data gives a negative image on the company. It gives a negative impression of the brand and customers lose confidence in the company. The company needs a system for detecting crime and credit underwriting. Having an early warning application gives it an edge over the competitions. In the IT financial industry, having insight on the potential risks for outsourcing services is important(Low, Chen, Wu, 2011). Operational risks The introduction of an external cloud process brings new changes such as the introduction of new people, systems and procedures. Change Management arrests the impending risks arising from human and computer generated risks. The computing systems could relay incorrect data or it could leak information to criminals. Data management solves this problem by providing security installations, making changes on personal data safety, permits or licenses. It checks the facilities, capital, space, emergency, and the operational environment. Liquidity risk The reduction of losses is important for the business because it upholds the companys assets and customers. Liquidity risks include daily loses in cash transactions. Security installations in mobile banking is an effort to reduce these risks. Globally secure mobile and internet banking is a problem. Aztek needs concrete plans for this. Credit risks This covers the largest risk factor for banks in the global system. Customers access services through cloud systems and installation applications. Its dangers come from loans, foreign exchange, swiping, equities, trade financing and forex. The modern consumers uses the credit card services for online shopping and payments. Banks face threats from unsuccessful transactions arising from failed processes. The introduction of mobile banking services on mobile devices is due to customer demands, and market changes. Other risks in credit loans include credit delays, the loss of funds due to credit transactions, calculations, exchange rates and exchange value settlement different. Market risks Economic recession and financial trends determine the pricing, interest rates, forex rates and fines. Placed on consumers by the bank it brings about fluctuations in currency, commodity and equity. The contemporary consumer prefers low interest costs and banks, which have long-term strategies against their competition. Business risks include national, regional and global management issues. There are risks arising from systematic risks, which affect the economy of the bank. The external environment such as cloud computing shapes the trend in the market systems. It comprise of perceived risks such as failed investor risks(Fahlenbrach Stiultz,2011). Compliance Contracts address issues such as leases and sponsorship for the projects. In a global organization such as Aztek, the Australian regulations and statutory laws apply(Governement, 2015). These involve employees and the community as well as company installations. Engaging in a business model with an external service provider has challenges among them is the challenge of breach of contract. The Codes of conduct ensure compliance to the rules. Clients need a clear understanding of the terms and penalties, loss of revenue purchasing practices, and litigation challenges. Risk Analysis The success of this project depend on effective management approaches including an analysis of the potential risks. These require an effective management support system. An effective plan looks at the risk factors in a project in order to measure their viability. The Aztek IT Risk Assessment lead involve different stakeholders and technologists hence an effective decision-making process is required. The Australian government incorporates cloud computing among ICT arrangements as illustrated below(Kluwer Delbaere, 2016). Risk management identifies the potential risks, vulnerabilities and the risk control processes. When developing competitive processes, the financial organizations must be aware of the need for compliance with the legal framework affecting business continuity, cloud service provider, and service location. The Risks, Vulnerabilities and Threats Cloud computing and IT installation of technology from external sources poses risks. The project plans to make installations on laptops, pads, tablets and mobile phone devices. Each of these devices face challenges and exposure to malware and other effects. The incorporation of a corporate-wide email for archive systems need a compatible and compliant design. Upgrading applications on desktop operating systems also needs IT Security Policies and procedures. In order to understand the risks, it is crucial to understand vulnerabilities, threats and risks(Grobauer, Walloschek, Stocker, 2011). This clarification provides a guide on the types of risks involved in the process. Threats This is a potential cause of alarm for an organization. It includes system interference. Different agents of these threats include criminals, bank fraudsters and organized criminals. Aztek needs a plan that foresees this as a future challenge for the organization. The legal framework admonishes the financial service provider from compromising client assets. In order to prevent this failure, and combat theft, the plan makes provision for better security software and the training of its employees with codes of conduct for risk aversion(Cappelli, Moore, Trzeciak, 2012). Employees can also become threats if they are not aware of the risks. Competitors often use employees to steal crucial information and company data. The company needs protection from hacking systems and unauthorised access. In some regions, access by government and terror groups(Martini Choo, 2012). Contemporary criminals have the capacity to fabricate identity for unauthorised entries. Vulnerabilities Defined as weaknesses characterising a system, the vulnerabilities expose the system to threats. An example is weak passwords, insecure online banking and constant cyber-attacks. Data security requires privacy protection as one of the major safety measures(Chen Zhao, 2012). This service delivery approach is crucial for cloud computing which involves different IT experts and networking systems. Public clouding is vulnerable to software bugs and information leaks. Broken financial processes also expose the system to such threats. This calls for changes in hardware and software installations. Aztek needs effective measures such as backup systems and prevention of human errors. As part of its customer service, the brand needs to inform its customers about the value of having stronger passwords and protecting personal computer devices. Aztek might consider using top security OS such as Apple devices. Risks Consequences or potential losses or damages leading to the destruction of Azteks assets. This is a result of a vulnerable system or applications such as password access. Cybercrime is one of the major problems facing business organizations today. Cyberstalking and profit-oriented criminals exist in cloud systems. Aztek as a group needs to invest in software applications and systems, which prevent such disruptions. Failure to do so exposes the company to threats of money losses, compromised privacy, loss of confidence and legal suites. As a best practice, the company invests in quality systems that enhance its reputation as a safe financial service provider(Gonzalez, et al., 2012). Data damages such as service interruptions and network unavailability is another risk. In such a case, the company needs to make changes such as upgrading the systems of modification. Practical law for IT in the finance industry includes outsourcing issues(Wang, Wang, Cao, Lou, 2012). These regulations provides guidelines for procedure such as hiring global consultants, purchasing software applications for the office functions and integration of Aztek services with other businesses. A merger between Aztek and a technology company needs clear business terms. The international, local and national environments have adoption and integration. The two companies forming the merger operate within a contract policy that determines payment for technology services or software application. Risk management tackles any issues of conflict that may arise. It shapes an effective framework that includes policy changes and regulations from the industry and the two companies. Infrastructural Framework Poor Management of legal arrangements poses threats to the company image and workforce. Exposing employee data, Aztek facilities and commercial processes makes the organization vulnerable for attacks. A crisis arises when hackers access the company website and share the information to competitors. Research indicates that Australian banks are among the most vulnerable globally(Bavas, 2015). The findings by Kaspersky Lab a cyber-security firm indicated the advancement of criminal networks, which monitor banks and employees to fleece the company of millions through customer account. Aztek has the private cloud system for its employees across different branches and it has software installations for different services accessed by the consumers. Other stakeholders such as partners also have portals. A reliable infrastructural network that is free from third party access hinders interference from hackers, and malware. Compliance with legal terms helps customers to download applications from reputable company sites. It thus prevents the risks by controlling damage. In case of a breach, or IT systems exposure to fraud, the company also needs a crisis management plan. This includes reorganization of the system and infrastructural networks. Risk management mechanisms have consideration for components such as events, changes in technology, target profile, negative public perception and software manipulation. A comprehensive solution has provisions for Abuse from legitimate users, illegal or rogue users and software vulnerabilities. Sometimes additional installations pose a threat hence Aztek needs an authentic database and Denial of Service (DoS) installations(Zargar, Joshi, Tipper, 2013). Data Security Cloud computing service models comprise of infrastructural systems (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS)(Subashini Kavitha, 2011). Security installation at all these levels is necessary. Mitigating the risks calls for strengthening the IT systems in order to prevent stolen passwords. This includes security installations in multimedia applications for downloads and uploads. Regular hardware and software maintenance must be in place. This includes checks against any communication vulnerabilities that may arise. Employees and other human vulnerabilities also need to be in check. Assessing IT Risks Assessing the IT systems for risk in business terms is critical because it highlights the quantitative and qualitative risk management approaches. This comparison identifies the external factors, internal manipulations and system errors. The quantitative analysis points out the incremental attacks and interference from other channels. It takes note of network weaving and frequency in authorization attacks. It facilitates for the identification of information vulnerabilities arising from IT capacity and software disruption as well as scripts. The quantities risk quantifies objectives, decisions and achievable metrics such as costs and schedules or targets for system installations and upgrades(Shaikh Karjaluoto, 2015). This gives a higher quality analysis with data variations for a better risk analysis. It gives projections for the projects timelines too. Qualitative analysis looks at the business trends and management challenges. It recommends weaknesses in business processes and inadequate controls for effective change management. This form of risk assessment, which facilitates for the classification of risks. It also indicates the relationship between causes of IT insecurities for Aztek and its cloud systems effects. This helps to identify the pros and cons of the broad network access used in the project, which advocates for the use of mobile phones and tablets(Benlian Hess, 2011). Although the quantitative analysis provides for a deeper understanding, it takes time and it may not explain the probability. It is important to have a practical description of the threats for an understanding of the impact and extent of the risk exposure. Therefore, both methods are effectively used together. The qualitative analysis checks for performance metrics in order to bring out the occurrence of the threats. The distribution of the risks helps stakeholders in the industry to make the necessary changes such as system upgrades. Aztek depends on the quantitative risk factors for mathematical simulations but it needs to combine the risks for effective application across the projects. Cloud computing and installation of external software involves a complex IT project that needs software and system applications(Aleksandro, Fedorovich, Victorovna, 2016). Insurance As IT risks continue to advance, companies adopt smart tactics such as risk insurance because technology is expensive. Managing risks calls for limitations or risk transfers. Based on the fact that risks are inevitable in clouding and technology installations, this approach examines the company profiles to create a plan for acceptable and unacceptable risks. Business risk liability can bring down a multinational company hence liability insurance includes IT for data protection and recovery. This is a cover plan for uncertainties(Corner, 2013). It caters for data migration, risk mitigation and insecurities faced by businesses today. The availability of a wide variety of insurance plans includes personal devices such as laptops, pads, and PDA. Such networks are prone to attacks from malware and the financial industry is at the highest risk. In Australia the law is unclear about the external storage of data hence most companies are sceptical about cloud computing insurance. General liability caters for risks in business activities including data damages and losses(Jain Shanbhang, 2012). Risk rating guide Insurance risk rating compares the losses and the compensation. In IT insurance, there are provisions for short-term and long-term coverages for systems protection. The ratings addresses security breaches, down time and effects that this may have on users(Cloud Insure, 2014). In this case, it protects customers from server complications and inconveniences. This is a business strategy for Aztek as well as its IT cloud service provider. Forming partnerships in the acquisition of insurance is one way to overcome these liability challenges. Conclusion Aztek is a financial service in the contemporary system where technology is part of management practices. Innovation improves functions and operations in a financial business. As a best practice, industry players invest in it for successful implementation. This report analyses cloud computing and software installations as a major project underway for Aztek. It brings out the importance of risk management and some of its challenges. References Aebi, V., Sabato, G., Schmid, M. (2012). Risk management, corporate governance and bank perfomance in the financiak crisis. Journal of Banking Finance, 36(12), 3213-3226. Aleksandro, M. e., Fedorovich, N. A., Victorovna, P. (2016). Potential of the internet network in formation of the assortment of the trade organizations. European Science review, 1-2. Bavas, J. (2015, February 17). Australian banks fall victims to multinational hacking attack: cyber security firm. ABC. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-17/banks-victim-of-multi-national-hacking-attack-security-firm-says/6130370 Benlian, A., Hess, T. (2011). Opportunities and risks of software-as-a service: Findings from a survey of IT executives. Decision Support Systems , 232-246. Bessis, J. (2011). Risk management in banking. John Wiley Sons. Cappelli, D. M., Moore, A. P., Trzeciak, R. F. (2012). The CERT guide to insider threats: how to prevent, detect, and respond to infomration technology crimes ( Theft, Sabotage, Fraud). Addison-Wesley. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. Computer Science and Electronics engineering ( ICCSEE) (pp. 647-651). IEEE. Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Fang, Y. H., Huang, H. Y. (2014). Understanding customers repeat purchase intentions in B2C e-commmerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and percieved risk. Information Systems Journal, 24(1), 85-114. Cloud Insure. (2014, May 16). Insurance Program Design and Management for clouds. Cloud insure. Retrieved October 2, 2017, from https://cloudinsure.com/news/news/30 Corner, S. (2013, July 13). Insurerers laging on cloud cover. The Sydney morning Herald. Retrieved October 2, 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/cloud/insurers-lagging-on-cloud-cover-20130708-hv0qa.html Fahlenbrach, R., Stiultz, R. M. (2011). Bank CEO incentives and the credit Bank CEO incentices and credit crisis. Journal of Financial Economics, 99(1), 11-26. Gonzalez, N., Miers, C., Redigolo, F., Simplicio, M., carvalho, T., Naslund, M., Pourzandi, M. (2012). A quantitative analysis of current security concerns and solutions for cloud computing. Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems, and Applications, 1(1), 11. Governement, A. (2015, August). Information security mangement guidelines: Risk management of outsourced ICT arrangements ( Including Cloud). Retrieved from Protective security: https://www.protectivesecurity.gov.au/informationsecurity/Documents/AustralianGovernmentInformationSecurityManagementGuidelines.pdf Grobauer, B., Walloschek, T., Stocker, E. (2011). Understanding cloud computing vulnerabilities. IEEE Security Privacy, 9(2), 50-57. Hooper, C., Martini, B., Choo, K. K. (2013). Cloud computing and its implications for cybercrime investigations in Australia. Computer Law Security Review, 29(2), 152-163. Jain, A. K., Shanbhang, D. (2012). Addressing security and privacy risks in mobile appllications. IT Professional, 14(5), 28-33. Kluwer, W., Delbaere, W. (2016, October 13). MAS's outsourcing risk management guidelines: Bringing compliance closer to the cloud. Retrieved from Wolkers Kluwerfs: https://www.wolterskluwerfs.com/onesumx/commentary/MAS-outsourcing-risk-management-guidelines.aspx Lekkas, D., Zissis, D. (2012). Adressing cloud computing security systems. Future Geerations Computer Systems, 583-592. Low, C., Chen, Y., Wu. (2011). Understanding the determinants of cloud computing adoption. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 111(7), 1006-1023. Martini, B., Choo, K. K. (2012). An integrated conceptula digital forensic framework for cloud computing. Digital Investigation, 71-80. Melville, J. (2016, October 11). The value of an integrated GRC environment. Retrieved from LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/value-integrated-grc-environment-james-melville-fcca PWC. (2017). Escaping the Commondity Trap: The future of banking in Australia. Retrieved from Pwc: https://www.pwc.com.au/pdf/pwc-report-future-of-banking-in-australia.pdf Ravi, K. J., Ramachandran, N. (2011). Factors influencing the outsourcing in the banking sector in India. Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal, 4(3), 294-322. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016). Cloud computiing implimentation, management and security. CRC Press. Samandari, H., Havas, A., Harle, P. (2016, July). The future of bank risk management. Retrieved from McKinsey Company: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/the-future-of-bank-risk-management Shaikh, A. A., Karjaluoto, H. (2015). Mobile banking adoption: A literature review. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 129-142. Subashini, S., Kavitha, V. (2011). A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing. Journal of network and computer applications, 1-11. Upper, C. (2011). Simulation mehods to methods to assess the danger of contagion in interbank markets. Journal of Financial Stability, 7(3), 111-125. Wang, C., Wang, Q. R., Cao, N., Lou, W. (2012). Toward secure and dependable storage services in cloud computing. IEEE transactions on Services Computing, 220-232. Zargar, S., Joshi, J., Tipper, D. (2013). A survey of defense mechanisms against distributed denial of service ( DDoS) flooding attacks. IEEE communications survey tutorials, 20(16), 20146-2069. Zissis, D., Lekkas, D. (2012). Addressing cloud computing security issues. Future Generation Computer Systems, 28(3), 583-592.

Article Australian Advert Banned on UK TV

The article pertains to a ban imposed by the Broadcast Advertising Clearance Centre (BACC) in UK on a tourism advert by Australia because of a use of the sear word â€Å"bloody†. It further quotes the response of Director of Tourism Australia, Scott Morrison and indicates an element of ethnocentrism on part of the two nations.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Article: Australian Advert Banned on UK TV specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advert exhibits the use of English language as a cultural dimension that unifies both the countries however; the psychological dimension is what distinguishes the two. The article stipulates a different value system and a difference in beliefs and cultural norms(BBC NEWS 2006). Hence the article has two aspects; one the one hand it is an amalgamation of cross cultural beliefs and values, it represents a promotion of acculturation whereby Tourism Australia attempts to prom ote a diffusion of cultural values using and a melting pot approach in promoting tourism in Australia. On the other hand it also elicits a sense of ethnocentrism, a cultural bias towards the belief of superiority of one’s own ethnic group. In a marketing perspective ethnocentrism can act as a deterrent in consumer purchasing decisions(Puzakova 2010). Where the advert itself represents an ethnocentric approach by Australia to promote its culture, the article represents and ethnocentric bias by UK as well in terms of believing that its language use is more appropriate than that of low-context culture of Australia. The differences in intercultural communication are evident. Whereby, Australians, based on this article, are more open in their use of language, the British seem more conservative indicating an insensitivity of variations in the international communication that lacks in the Australian advert(Chaney and Martin 2007). It can also be argued that conservatism, politeness, being reserved and formal in the use of language are perhaps just stereotypical characteristics that plague the British society. Research, according to Scott Morrison, shows an appreciation of the Australian sense of humour in the British population. Hence it could be in fact just an imposition of traditional values by the BACC to preserve its traditional front stage culture, ignoring the evolution of its backstage culture and a diversity of self concept in one culture. The ethnocentric bias is based on mindsets incorporating cultural and social factors and is developed through socializing agents like schools, families and friends and thus can be altered with a change in socializing agents(Puzakova 2010).Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus the article is an example of xenophobia in its most ethereal forms which is persistent even in an era of massive globalization. Bi bliography BBC NEWS. Australian advert banned on UK TV. 2006. Web. Chaney, Lilian H, and Jeanette S. Martin. Intercultural Business Communication. India: Pearson Education Inc. , 2007. Lilian, Chanay H. Intercultural Business Communication. India: Pearson Education Inc, 2007. Mail Online. The world’s biggest family. 2011. Web. Mamman, Aminu. â€Å"Employee intercultural effectiveness in a multicultural workplace.† International Journal of Human Resource Management (Peason), 1995: 528-552. Puzakova, Marina. â€Å"Mitigating consumer ethnocentrism via advertising and media consumption in transitional markets.† 2010: 727-764.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Article: Australian Advert Banned on UK TV specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Savani, Krishna. â€Å" Cultural Conditioning: Understanding Interpersonal Accommodation in India and the United States in Terms of the Modal Characteristics of I nterpersonal Influence Situations.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2011: 84-102. This article on Article: Australian Advert Banned on UK TV was written and submitted by user Man-Thing to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free English Essay

Free English Essay Free English Essay Free English Essay Reading free English essay you should always keep in mind that there are thousands of others reading the same free English essay at the moment.   In other words, it would be very unwise to use free English essay as your own writing.   If you need help with writing, we are available 24/7 to help you with any English essay assignment.   Our writers are educated and experienced enough to satisfy the most demanding clients! is your chance to get As on all assignments! Free English Essay Sample The chief phenomenon is Jules Verne, whose long list of scientific romances sprang from a serious effort to anticipate the technological applications of the sciences currently in full development. Submarines, airships of several patterns, countless mechanical devices, are suggested and utilized in his novels, in such profusion that these books in turn are known to have influenced the scientific vocations of many young men, among them Simon Lake and Georges Claude, and the navigators Charcot and Bernard Franck. As do most of his contemporaries, Verne writes in positivist terms; the fantastic element is only apparent, a more advanced engineering, using the principles and tools of his own day rather than the marvellous and irrational inventions of a Cyrano de Bergerac. But neither the society nor the technology anticipated by his creative writing corresponds to the world as we know it today; for all its inventive fertility, its technological ferment, Verne's mind could not foresee such an innovation as the internal combustion motor, or imagine such problems as those imposed on the aviator by weather and atmospheric conditions. Twentieth-century science is stranger than nineteenth-century fiction; Verne remains well within the bounds of scientific possibilities, and no longer surprises his readers with his extrapolations. Paradoxically enough, it is this very restraint that has prevented Verne from becoming recognized as a serious literary figure. Reticence may be a scientific virtue, it is not always a literary one, and a generation that delighted in highly seasoned literature relegated Verne's books to the popular and schoolboy level, with disastrous results as far as his style and general literary quality were concerned. Science penetrates literature by becoming literary, less pedantically technical, more attentive to the broader implications, and less insistent on the scrupulosities of laboratory techniques. Biological determinism in the Zola manner ends by being dull; the hypothesis precludes effective dramatic struggle, and the full use of creative imagination. The fine balance the effective novelist must maintain between an increasing understanding of the conditions that govern the phenomena of living, and the part played, per contra, by unpredictable individual impulse, is essentially the sour ce of dramatic conflict, and the human basis of all interest in literature. From this point of view, science, as used by most conventional authors, even by the professed naturalists, is merely an extension of "common sense," the general knowledge, or in some cases the mental and moral philosophy, of an earlier generation. Custom English Essay Writing Undoubtedly, free English essay is good as a source of information or inspiration. However, I do not recommend copy/paste for the reasons you are perfectly aware of. If you need professional writing help, do not hesitate to use our writing services.   We do not ignore your requests and we guarantee delivery!

Decision making in trade-DB2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decision making in trade-DB2 - Essay Example The government would create a tariff on importing coffee and this is how the government would benefit from there. Whilst on the other hand, the ad valorem tariff can be described as a tax that is specifically a percentage of the import value. However, the tariff may be applied in two ways; either charged based on the value of the imports or based on the quantity of goods. Then the ‘prohibitive tariff’ as the name suggests is one marked so high, it either prohibits or lessens the import levels on a product. Then there is the ‘Protective tariff’. The tariff bears a lot of pros and cons. This type of tariff may either foster the growth of the economy or make goods extremely expensive on the behalf of the customers. The researcher strongly believes that the main reason for high tariffs on agricultural produce is one way of controlling the flow of imported agricultural products. Not only that, it is stratagem used to protect small local farmers from competition f rom foreign companies. In doing so, competition in this market for farmers would be lessened. As such imposing tariffs on products is one way to position consumers to support local products especially in domestic countries. The roles played by tariffs have unavoidable effects on prices from the imposition. The foreign exporters keep the price that they charge for the product; however, the domestic price of the imported product rises by the value of the tariff.

Defining The Self Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defining The Self - Essay Example Modernity has, however proved that the human mind is capable of so much more. While I am a full time student, I have managed to take up two jobs as well. While in today’s world that is not a wonder, in the 17th and 18th century, it was unfathomable that one could take up two or more mentally and physically engaging tasks at once. This illustrates that the mind has so many capabilities; most of which humanity is not even aware of at this time. The abilities and endeavors that human beings will pursue in the distant future have not been comprehended in the current time. Kant is also in support of Hume’s assertion that they are not â€Å"unshakeable truths.† The beliefs that human beings live by in actuality do not have an explanation. Once someone asked me why I believe that stealing is wrong. I found myself fumbling with the answer. In actual sense, I have acknowledged that the only reasons I believe this is because firstly, my religion states it and secondly, those before me instilled it in me. However, none of the reasons laid out above are logically strong or supported. Therefore, Kant was right in stating that there is no evidence of the existence of â€Å"certain truths†; we have created them within our minds. John Locke shared Kant’s line of thought (the latter) but modified it. His focus was not more on the lack of existence of unshakeable truths, but rather on lack in existence of innate facts (Caruth, 31). The existence of God is one that has caused controversy in the literary world. If there were such a thing as innate facts, the existence of a supreme being ought to be one of them. This is because it is a belief that a larger majority of the world shares. If indeed there is a supreme being, it ought to be an innate (inborn) fact, as he is the creator of everything, including human beings. However, as a child, I had to attend Bible studies and learning sessions to completely understand the concept of God as well as what

An investigation into Chinese consumers' reasons for purchasing luxury Dissertation

An investigation into Chinese consumers' reasons for purchasing luxury brands in the UK - Dissertation Example The Journal of International Management Studies, Volume 5, Number 1, April, 2010. P 189 27 LeCompte, MD and   Schensul, JJ. 2010. Designing & Conducting Ethnographic Research: An Introduction: Volume 1 of Ethnographer's Toolkit, Second Edition Series. Rowman Altamira, Edition 2 27 Lu, PX. 2011. Confucianism and Conspicuousness. Elite China: Luxury Consumer Behavior in China. John Wiley & Sons. Book 27 Mason, R. 1993. Cross-Cultural Influences on the Demand For Status Goods, in European Advances in Consumer Research Volume 1, eds. W. Fred Van Raaij and Gary J. Bamossy, European Advances in Consumer Research Volume 1 : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 46-51. 27 Oswald, LR. 2010. Developing Brand Literacy among Affluent Chinese Consumers A Semiotic Perspective. Advances in Consumer Research. Volume 37.Journal Article 27 Reidel, D. 2012. From Mao Suits To Michael Kors: Stocks That Capitalize On Chinese Consumers. Forbes. 10 September 2012 Retreived 27 Nov 2012 from 27 Vigneron , F and Johnson WL. 1999.A Review and Conceptual Framework of Prestige Seeking Consumers. Accademy of Marketing Science. No.1 Pp 1-15 28 Appendix 28 1. 2. 3. 4. 4.1. Introduction The qualitative research conducted for the purpose of gathering data for this report consisted of interviews from a sample using open-ended questions that were opinion based. The most important yet complex issue with qualitative research is that it generates a large and thoughtful database that is based on the responses generated from interviews, documents and field notes (Bryman and Bell, 2003). Miles (1979) refers to this form of research as â€Å"attractive nuisance†, this is because he believes that the data generated is rich and resourceful but taking it in a definite direction is a complex task. The role of the researcher becomes very vital to the conclusions drawn from the research because it is based on their critical analysis of the data and findings. Unlike quantitative research where concl usions can be directly inferred from figures and values, a qualitative research would go to a complete waste if the researcher does not perform proper analysis. Data analysis is also an important concern for businesses, this method of data analysis is adopted by businesses for conducting survey research from their target audience and market. The research problem needs to be clearly stated as they would guide the researcher to meet specific objectives. The information and experiences that respondents shared were arranged in a tabular format in Appendix 1. The research topic is â€Å"An investigation into Chinese consumers’ reasons for purchasing luxury brands in the UK†, this qualitative research would be categorized as an Ethnographic research. Ethnographic research is described as a systematic approach to understand the culture and social life of communities, and emphasize and build on the perspective of respondents in the research setting (LeCompte & Schensu). The in terview session took place in the form

The Anthropogenic Impacts On Biodiversity Environmental Sciences Essay

The Anthropogenic Impacts On Biodiversity Environmental Sciences Essay Introduction Anthropocentrism or being Anthropogenic in nature refers to the way of thinking that regards humans as the source of all value and is predominantly concerned with human interests. (Carter, N, 2003, p. 14) Biodiversity is the abundance of different species and ecosystems in nature making it the earths most valuable resource. Biodiversity is of very much importance as it boosts the productivity of the ecosystem where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play. In other words, there would be no population of humans without biodiversity but the irony is that, the biodiversity is decreasing at an alarming rate due to the various human activities which is also referred as the biodiversity crisis. The three main factors impacting the biodiversity as a whole may be listed as: population growth, overconsumption and technology. This essay will describe how and where the biodiversity has been impacted at very great extents because of the above mentioned factors. Population growth of the humans can be considered as the root of the problem of the loss of biodiversity. According to Ehrlich (The Population Bomb, 1968 as cited in Cahn, A and OBrien, R, 1996), the human population has been doubling every 37 years and if this continued for the next 900 years, then the world population will be nothing less than sixty million billion people implying that there will be about 100 persons for each square yard of the Earths surface, land and sea. The human population now is at 6 billion; with an annual global growth rate of 1.8%, three more people that are added to the earth every second. (Quebec biodiversity, 1994) The simple fact that the countries are not able to feed their populations shows that they are overpopulated. With such high rates of increase in human inhabitants, the problem of the need to convert the natural habitats to land for human consumption becomes obvious. This ultimately results in five primary processes of degradation namely: over harvesting, habitat fragmentation, habitat destruction, alien species introduction and pollution. (Biodiversity and Human Health, 2001) It is the anthropogenic nature of the humans to rule the environment by spreading to new habitats in order to find newer food sources. The innovative man has always been discovering various types of technologies right from the technology of the spear and arrow to the modern technology of the harpoon, gun-powder and the drift nets helping him to over harvest on the various species. According to the Fisheries Agency, Japan consumes about 60,000 tons of fish a year, mainly the three blue fin tuna species which is more than 75% of the worlds annual catch and also other countries, such as the U.S. and Russia, are catching up with the Japanese as a result of which the blue fin tuna has been becoming very hard to find and the prices for these species have hit the extremes. (Tuna Shortage in Japan, 2007) Apart from overconsumption, humans have also been de monstrating their anthropogenic nature by wasteful mass kills where the entire herds of some species are slaughtered. A classic example of this is the Dumfries fish killing festival of Scotland where individuals have been killing fish in the Galloways River Urr as a part of the Grande Internationale World Flounder Tramping Championships where the person who captures the most number of fish by the unorthodox method of treading on the fish is awarded by giving three bottles of whisky,  £150 and also the title of The Undisputed Champion Of The World. (Facebook, 2010) Also the Denmarks Gruesome Festival of mass killing dolphins and whales to prove adulthood, where nearly 1,000 whales and dolphins are killed annually. (Think about it, 2009) This clearly shows the mans exploitation of the natural resources exceeding their cycling capacity. Natural resources are classified as renewable and non-renewable resources. Forests and wild-life are considered as renewable resources because of the ir ability to regenerate by reproduction but the rate at which humans have been utilizing the so called natural resources is very much of a concern. The extensive use of forest lands for timber and other valued wood resources has resulted in the loss of habitats for hundreds of species. And with the increase in human inhabitants arises the need to convert natural habitats to land for more human consumption. The innovative man has been able to exploit the forests and its resources for his selfish needs with the use of new machines and better means of transport. Clearing a dense forest has become much easier now. Humans have been able to sustain their growth by converting natural habitats to fields where food can be produced. At least 23 percent of the earths land is being used for agriculture. Most tropical forests were not greatly disturbed in the past mostly because of their inaccessibility and other factors but now the trend has been changing with the increase in the demand for th e various raw materials used in plastic production. Tropical forests have been disappearing rapidly as a result of the need of the humans to make room for more farms of timber used for construction and also used as a fuel. Deforestation has alarming global consequences such as: extinction of species (plants and animals) and climate change. Although the tropical forests cover only about 7 percent of the Earths dry land, they are home to half of all the species on Earth. Many species have micro-habitats or in simple terms, they are present only in those small areas in these forests and due to this their extinction is very much at stake because of the deforestation here. The edges of the deforested fragments dry out because of incoming hot winds as a result of which the matured rain forest trees die standing at the margins and eventually the biodiversity is lost. This also has a devastating effect on the tropical soils as the soil cover in the tropical rain forests is very thin and wit h deforestation, over time all the minerals in the soil are lost because of the high temperatures and heavy rains. (Deforestation in the Amazon, 2010) (Tropical Deforestation, 2007) (Deforestation in the Amazon, 2010) A large portion of deforestation in Brazil has been primarily because of land being cleared for pastureland by commercial and speculative interests. Between May 2000 and August 2006, Brazil lost nearly 150,000 km2 of forest and over 600,000 km2 of Amazon rainforest has been destroyed. About 60-70 percent of deforestation in the Amazon results from cattle ranches and the want for palm oil while the rest mostly results from small-scale agriculture. The numbers of endangered species in the forests of Brazil have been increasing at alarming rates because of the various anthropogenic activities of the humans as reported by the Associated Press. (Mongabay website, 2010) Deforestation and fragmentation is increasing at an alarming rate in Amazon. In Amazon nearly 2 million ha of land is deforested annually (Fearnside et al. 2005). Habitat fragmentation is a serious threat to species persistence in tropical forests (Ewers Didham 2006). According to Wilcox and Murphy (1985), the effects of f ragmentation are loss of original habitats, creation of edge effects, and isolation of habitat patches and this will affect the species composition. According to Turner and Corbett (1996), forest patches are further affected by invasion of further plant and animal species, and increased human exploitation such as hunting, burning, grazing, and extraction of resources. The greatest human impact in Southwest Australia has been the clearing of native vegetation for agriculture. Forest fragmentation differentially affects seed dispersal of large and small-seeded tropical trees (Cramer et al. 2007) Due to fragmentation, not only are individual species are affected but the plant- animal interactions are also affected (Andresen and Levey, 2004). In tropical regions, fragmentation affects the dispersal of large seeds to a greater extent than the small seed. Cramer et al. (2007), studied the seed dispersal of two Amazonian tree species, the large-seeded, mammal dispersed Duckeodendron cestro ides and the small-seeded, avian dispersed Bocageopsis multiflora. The percentage, distance and distributions of Duckeodendron cestroides seeds were all reduced in fragments when compared to Bocageopsis multiflora. This is supported by facts such as, large seeded plant species are prone to extinction, fragmentation affects large animals dispersers than small animal dispersers; and large and small seeded plants are linked differentially to primary and secondary habitats (Cramer et al. 2007). Large animals are for needed for dispersal of large seeds, and these animals need large home range but are affected by edge effects caused by fragmentation and also due to hunting. Primates are often absent from fragments (Gilbert and Setz, 2001). From Meehan et al. (2002), it is known that the extinction of frugivorous pigeons in Tonga (Polynesia) left 18 large-seeded plant species with no dispersers. From the work of Babweteera et al., (2007), the loss of elephants in Ugandan forests has left Balanites Wilsoniana regeneration concentrated under parent plants and is greatly affected. Bush fires have been used for hunting and clearing land here. Although native plants are highly adaptive to fires, intensified burning changes the composition and condition of the natural vegetation. This has resulted in the spread of a root disease called jarrah dieback caused by the root fungus called Phytophthora cinnamomi which has been spreading to other habitats, particularly in the Stirling Range National Park, where it has caused the loss of plants like the Banksias. (Conservation International, 2007) The tiger population in India is declining so fast that the whole population may be extinct here in the next 10 years because of deforestation and poaching. (Animal of the Day, 2010) In the forests of Armenia, habitat loss poses a particular threat to a range of species. Many species have been threatened to extinction because of the increasing use of land for agriculture. (National Repor t, 2002) The forests in Succulent Karoo have been affected badly by the diamond mining carried out in these areas. Approximately two-thirds of the South African coastline and almost the complete Namibian coastline have been mined for diamonds and other minerals like gypsum, marble, monazite, kaolin and titanium threatens the regions biodiversity. (Conservation International, 2007) Destruction of habitats for requirements such as building of canals, dams and houses is the most important threat to biodiversity. The Aswan High Dam located in Egypt, is an example for habitat destruction where the environmental side effects of the project have been disastrous with the spread of the disease called, schistosomiasis which is spread by snails living in the irrigation channels here. (Quarterdeck, 1995) A major contributor to depletion and extinction, after habitat loss, is the introduction of alien species. Man has always tried to introduce animals and plants familiar to him where ever he is. It started with the goats and pigs for familiar animal protein. These alien species damage the flora and fauna of the local area where they are introduced. The spread of these alien species replaces healthy, diverse ecosystems with biologically weak landscapes. Prior to the arrival of humans, there were a range of species of birds, invertebrates and plants in Hawaii but with the introduction of many plant and animal alien species, more than half the bird species and also many species of snails have become extinct. (Biodiversity and Human Health, 2001) Rabbits being introduced into Australia, Asian fish species put into the waters of Florida, introduction of Africanized bees into Brazil and also the introduction of rhododendrons into England are few examples of alien species that have destroyed the local plant and animal species. It is estimated that about 4,000 plant and 2,300 animal alien species are present in the United States at this time resulting in the endangering of more than 42% of the animal and plant species here. (Biodiversity Web, 2005) Also in the Nile river, despite the presence of a wide variety of fish, the regions fishing industries struggled to grow because the fish that lived there were small-bodied and bony, not the kind they wanted thereby, there was a need for a larger and a more commercially desired fish for the fishing economy to grow. They introduced the fish species called the Nile perch, Lates niloticus. It grew far larger than many of the other Nile fish, and was perfect for commercial fishing purposes. Being carnivorous, the Nile perch made the smaller native fish its prey. As the population of the Nile perch grew, the populations of the other 150-200 of the native species have vanished entirely. Introduction of foreign species has had simil ar impacts in other waterways worldwide by making the simplified ecosystems unstable indefinitely. (Human Impacts on the Nile River, 2010) ArcGIS map examining modern day fish biodiversity. (Human Impacts on the Nile River, 2010) Climate change has significant impacts on ecosystems. It is predicted to be the greatest long-term threat to biodiversity in many regions and is listed as a key threatening process under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth). The various technological developments made by man giving him an upper hand over other species come only at a price and this price is undoubtedly pollution. The use of various fossil fuels, petrochemicals and many other heavy metals has been increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. The drastic increase in the emission of green house gases has resulted in global warming and thereby causing a sea level rise and ultimately leading to melting. The oceans are being acidified due to the tremendous increase of the carbon content in the atmosphere which leads to the loss of biodiversity.   (Biodiversity Web, 2005) (Global Issues, Climate Change and Global Warming Introduction, 2010) (Global Issues, Climate Change and Global Warming Introduction, 2010) The quantity of oceanic plankton on earth is being affected by the depleting ozone layer.  The tiny organisms that float in the oceans are known as planktons and they play a vital role in maintaining the marine biodiversity as they are major sources of food here. Therefore, a decrease in quantity will cause a domino effect in the marine food chain species which is dangerous for the marine plant and animal species. Even though there have been global warming instances in the past, the rate at which the temperature has been increasing now is what is alarming. (Global Issues, Climate Change and Global Warming Introduction, 2010) Strategies adopted by humans to mitigate these impacts: Educational programmes are being introduced by governments to educate the populations on the importance of biodiversity. One such educational programme was initiated in the 1990s by the US Congress where they had set up an environmental education office to promote environmental education at all levels. The Plant Conservation Alliance and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were the partners to the U.S government. In 2002, the UK along with all other Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), made a commitment to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth. This commitment was subsequently endorsed by world leaders at the World Summit on Sustainable Development. At its meeting in Gothenburg in 2001 the European Council agreed to halt biodiversity decline with the aim of reaching this objective by 2010. The 2010 biodiversity target has become incorporated into the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as one of the targets under MDG 7 (Ensure environmental sustainability). (Natural Environment Research Council, 2007) The concept of protected areas has been introduced for the conservation of the biodiversity. These are locations which receive protection by the enabling laws of each country or rules of international organizations. They include parks, reserves and wildlife sanctuaries and they also Marine Protected Areas whose boundaries include some area of ocean. There are over 147,000 protected areas in the world with more added daily, representing a total area of 19,300,000  km2 (7,500,000 sq  mi). (Green Facts, 2009) The governments have also been purchasing property rights for the sake of conservation taking over all the rights from the owner or it can purchase a conservation easement where it acquires rights necessary to protect the target species or ecosystem while leaving the owner free to use the land. This law also allows water rights to increase stream flows, and permits for grazing or the emission of air pollutants can be bought and retired. Like acquisition, regulatory approaches a re being used by governments to limit the manner in which any activity can be carried out. Regulations are being enforced by governments by a wide range of sanctions. Sanctions carry additional internal (guilt) and external (bad publicity) costs for the individuals or the companies who violate the regulations. The example of biodiversity regulation is the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). (U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 2009) Another major strategy is to encourage private conservation action through incentives like tax credits and regulatory reliefs. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Safe Harbor program is an example of a regulatory relief incentive. Safe Harbor agreements assure landowners who improve habitat that they will not be responsible for protecting the increased populations of endangered or threatened species those lands may attract. (U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 2009) Finally, with the help of genetic engineering, using the various DNA techniques, different kinds of bacteria capable of synthesizing plants to be able to restrain to the changes in climate and also to avoid various diseases are being created by the modification of their genes. I would like to conclude by saying that, the very little the governments do to save biodiversity, What matters is the initiative taken by each individual human to save himself and his future generations (or) Only if the last tree has been cut down and the last river has dried to a trickle will man finally realise that we cannot eat money!

Philosophy of Teaching :: Essays Papers

Philosophy of Teaching "The only way in which a human being can make some approach of knowing the whole of a subject is by hearing what can be said about it by persons of every variety of opinion and studying all modes in which it can be looked at by each character of mind. No wise man ever acquired his wisdom by any mode than this." ...John Stuart Mill Multiple perspectives as a means of teaching perspective... I believe that social studies education ought to be both multi-cultural and student centered. Through my reading and participation in class discussions, I have come to believe in the importance of a multicultural curriculum which incorporates the issues of perspective and privilege by requiring students to look at history through the multiple perspectives of those who are a part of traditional white majority culture and those who are of other races and cultures. The use of multiple perspectives enables students to learn both from whose perspective history is being taught, and that it is through the comparing and contrasting of different perspectives that we can divine the truth in history. John Stuart Mill wrote, "The only way in which a human being can make some approach to knowing the whole of a subject is by hearing what can be said about it by persons of every variety of opinion and studying all modes in which it can be looked at by each character of mind. No wise man ever acquired his wisdom by any mode than this." My role as teacher.... Students today come to school with a wide variety of backgrounds and experiences and classrooms therefore contain a broad mixture of student experience, ability and motivation. My goal is to provide many opportunities for students to expand their understanding of the roles that individuals and groups of individuals play in shaping history. I want my students to be able to see themselves as an integral part of the world and as agents for change. I believe that a teacher can be a catalyst who can pull from students' experiences, and provide both new information and a synthesis of history in action for students. My job as teacher will be to structure my classes in such a way that students of differing backgrounds, interest levels and abilities have the opportunity to explore and to improve their understanding of history and of its contemporary relevance.

Antibiotics

After suffering a lot of devastating epidemic attacks and mass deaths, humanity invented antibiotics and started applying them against known bacterial diseases. Using antibiotics for the last 6 decades, we are now facing the results of the process caused by genetic changes and mutations in bacteria. This can be explained by one of the basic principles of evolution: natural selection, which suggests that the fittest and the strongest survive, and the weakest disappear. Bacteria are one-celled organisms, which are very vulnerable to mutations. It is known that the most of the mutations affect the organisms. But certainly, there are some chances of positive outcomes of mutations as well. Mitosis of bacteria is a very fast process, which brings to rapid growth of the population. Having such huge number of bacteria, the chances of positive mutation are higher, therefore, more and more bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics treatment. Nowadays, different types of pathogen bacteria can already survive the existing antibiotics, and using an excessive amount of antibiotics we dramatically fastened the process of natural selection in bacteria evolution. This situation threatens the effectiveness of traditional treatment methods to bacterial diseases. That is why world scientists are facing the necessity of searching for new antibiotics, either modifying the known ones or looking for something absolutely different. According to the research of the Harvard School of Public Health, in 2005 â€Å"..more than 40% of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in the United States could resist both penicillin and erythromycin† (Powledge, 2004). The other researches, based on mathematical modeling, show that in the nearest future more and more species of bacteria will be able to resist old antibiotics. Therefore, if no new antibiotics are available, we’ll become totally unprotected against hard diseases, like tuberculosis, etc. Bibliography: Powledge, T. M. (2004, February 17). New Antibiotics—Resistance Is Futile. PLoS Biol 2(2): e53

The Greatest Scientific Fraud Essays - Water Fluoridation

The Greatest Scientific Fraud Essays - Water Fluoridation The Greatest Scientific Fraud Miriah Killam Writing 122 David Rothgery October 12, 2000 The Greatest Case of Scientific Fraud I have been told I have a beautiful smile, and I once thought it was true. It is big and quick, the kind that flashes across a whole face to reveal pearly whites. The sad truth is, I have become slower to show my Colgate smile as I have watched the most important part of a smile, my teeth, become less and less dazzling. For years I couldn't understand; I brushed twice a day, flossed once a week, stayed away from staining beverages, and I didn't smoke. My dentist attributed my brittle teeth to the fact that I have some Native American heritage, and they are known to have less resistance to sugar. As I was offered no other plausible, I accepted it and continued my good dental habits. Then, last year I was browsing through the archives of alternative press releases, and one headline in particular caught my attention. The article was titled, EPA Whistleblowers on Fluoride. It stuck in my mind because as a child, the same dentist who told me my teeth were naturally more prone to decay pre scribed a once a week brushing routine with straight fluoride in combination with my use of nightly fluoride toothpaste. He said that I needed to take extra precautions because I moved into an area where the water was not fluoridated. My Grandmother told me the dentist was ridiculous; she claimed I received the proper amount of fluoride from the foods I ate and the amount that occurred naturally in water. I dismissed my Grandmother as behind the times', and diligently applied the nasty paste. Yet, as I read though the article, I was confronted with information that contradicted everything I and every other child had been told from birth. The article claimed, Fluoridation is the greatest case of scientific fraud of this century, if not of all time, (Earth Island Journal, Winter 1998). I became determined to be more informed and started researching all aspects of fluoride. My findings were shocking. For more than sixty years the United States Government has been telling the American public that fluoride compounds (generally referred to as fluoride) are safe and beneficial chemicals that reduce cavities- especially in children. Municipalities add it to drinking water, manufactures add it to beverages and food, and our dentists recommend that we use only fluoride-fortified toothpaste. What has all this led to, you might ask. What it has led to is the over-consumption of what is now recognized as a highly toxic, corrosive pollutant. Now, in fact, those on dialysis and nursing mothers are not recommended to consume any water containing additional fluoride because of its toxicity. Declassified papers of the Manhattan Project-the ultra-secret US military program that produced the atomic bomb state that Fluoride was the key chemical in atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic chemicals known, fluoride emerged as the leading health hazard of the US atomic bomb program, both for workers and for nearby communities. Much of the original proof that fluoride was safe for humans in low doses was generated by A-bomb program scientists who had been secretly ordered to provide evidence useful in litigation, because you see, the first lawsuits against the American A-bomb program were not over radiation, but over fluoride damage. Paul Connett is a professor of chemistry at St. Lawrence University in New York State and an international authority on environmental toxins. I realize that, because the pro-fluoride lobby has successfully portrayed the anti-fluoridationists as a bunch of crackpots, people have been kept away from this issue. And in fact, once I looked into the literature I was, quite frankly, appalled by the poor science underpinning fluoridation. I have grave concerns about the wisdom of putting this toxic substance into our drinking water. In the US, at the same time that the first fluoridation scheme was being introduced, scientists were admitting (in documents hitherto secret, but now disclosed under the Freedom of Information Act) that they had no idea what the effects of low-level exposure would be. The first such scheme was introduced in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1945 as a long-term pilot study. Over a 15-year

Spontaneous Process Definition and Examples

Spontaneous Process Definition and Examples In a system, whether it be in chemistry, biology, or physics there are spontaneous processes and nonspontaneous processes. Spontaneous Process Definition A spontaneous process is one that will occur without any energy input from the surroundings. It is a process that will occur on its own. For example, a ball will roll down an incline, water will flow downhill, ice will melt into water, radioisotopes will decay, and iron will rust. No intervention is required because these processes are thermodynamically favorable. In other words, the initial energy is higher than the final energy. Note how quickly a process occurs has no bearing on whether or not it is spontaneous. It may take a long time for rust to become obvious, yet when iron is exposed to air, the process will occur. A radioactive isotope may decay instantly or after thousands or millions or even billions of years. Spontaneous Versus Nonspontaneous Energy must be added in order for a nonspontaneous process to occur. The reverse of a spontaneous process is a nonspontaneous process. For example, rust doesnt convert back into iron on its own. A daughter isotope wont return to its parent state. Free Energy and Spontaneity The change in Gibbs free energy for a process may be used to determine its spontaneity. At constant temperature and pressure, the equation is: ΔG ΔH - TΔS Where ΔH is the change in enthalpy and ΔS is the change in entropy. If ΔG is negative, the process is spontaneous.If ΔG is positive, the process is nonspontaneous (but would be spontaneous in the reverse direction).If ΔG is 0 then the process is at equilibrium and no net change is occurring over time.

Foundation of Law concerning Employment Assignment

Foundation of Law concerning Employment - Assignment Example In the same way that the employer is legally entitled the profits of an employee’s work, the employer has also a legal liability if the same work results in harm. On the other hand, is someone is injured and needs to be compensated; the legal system makes the victim whole and assigns liability to the employer and not the employee. The employer is therefore liable for any harm caused by their servants acting within the scope of employment. There are various legal theories which the employer may be held responsible for the actions of their employee. The master can be held liable for any harm caused by the employee acting in the scope of occupation. This applies to both employees and to the independent contractors for as log as there is an agency relationship. According to the plaintiff’s attorney, the employer should know that the employee might cause harm. If the employee cause the harm while acting within the scope of employment, his/her employer is liable for damages incurred by the victim. This means that irrespective of the employer’s good intentions, or policies, I the employee cause an injury or harm to anybody within and without the company, while performing within the scope of the employment, the responsibility traces back to the employer. Unlike the vicarious liability, the negligent hiring, retention and supervision arises from actions performed by an employee outside the scope of his/her employment. An example of this liability occurs when the employer is held responsible for criminal conducts of the e mployee. The bases of this liability are upon the carelessness of the employer on hiring a criminal for a piece of work that he expected would endanger the lives of others. This is now recognized as a cause of action by many nations. There elements are required for liability to attach to the master (employer). Firstly, employers who employ individuals must train them in every sector of their job responsibilities, if failing to do so would result to injuries. Â  For example, employees who operate a vehicle should be adequately trained to do so to avoid destructed driving because the risk is foreseeable. Secondly, the employer is responsible for hiring, training and supervising employees. Failure to do so is described as a breach of that duty. Lastly, there must be causation between the injury and the conduct. Â  By virtual of employees using some unnecessary devices at work such as the mobile devices while driving company’s vehicle, the employer is said to have breached his/ her duty to supervise his/her employees and is thus held liable to the accident victims.